What is unified extensible firmware interface (UEFI)?

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什麼是統一可擴充韌體介面 (UEFI)?

UEFI 是電腦中傳統基本輸入/輸出系統 (BIOS) 韌體的現代替代品。 UEFI 在作業系統和平台韌體之間提供標準化接口,從而在啟動過程中啟用各種特性和功能。

UEFI 與基本輸入/輸出系統 (BIOS) 有何不同?

與相對簡單的韌體介面 BIOS 不同,UEFI 提供了更先進且可擴展的平台來與電腦硬體互動。 UEFI 透過 GUID 分割表 (GPT) 提供對更大磁碟的支持,透過最佳化初始化實現更快的啟動時間,支援安全啟動,並提供用於系統配置的圖形使用者介面 (GUI)。

UEFI 如何影響啟動過程?

對於 UEFI,引導過程涉及多個階段。首先,當您開啟電腦電源時,UEFI 韌體會初始化硬體元件。然後,UEFI 載入啟動管理器,它允許您選擇要使用的作業系統或啟動項目。一旦您做出選擇,UEFI 就會載入作業系統的引導程式並將控制權轉移給它,從而允許作業系統啟動。

UEFI 如何支援更大的磁碟?

UEFI 透過 GUID 分割區表 (GPT) 支援更大的磁碟,而不是基本輸入/輸出系統 (BIOS) 使用的舊主開機記錄 (MBR) 分割區方案。 GPT 允許更多分割區和更大的分割區大小,這對於大容量磁碟機尤其有利。這意味著您可以充分利用具有 UEFI 的現代儲存設備,而不是像 BIOS 和 MBR 所施加的限制。

UEFI 中的安全啟動是什麼?

安全啟動是 UEFI 的一項功能,可確保啟動過程的完整性和安全性。啟用安全啟動後,UEFI 會檢查韌體、開機載入程式和作業系統元件的數位簽章以驗證其真實性。這可以防止在啟動過程中執行未經授權或惡意程式碼,從而防範 bootkit、rootkit 和其他類型的惡意軟體。

UEFI 啟動管理器是什麼?

UEFI 啟動管理器是韌體的一個元件,它提供一個選單,讓您選擇要載入的作業系統或啟動項目。當您開啟電腦時,請先載入 UEFI 啟動管理器。然後它會掃描可用的開機條目,其中可能包括安裝在不同磁碟或分割區上的作業系統。您可以從選單中選擇所需的啟動項,UEFI 會載入對應的開機載入程式。

UEFI 啟動選項有哪些?

UEFI 開機選項可能會有所不同,具體取決於您的系統配置和安裝的作業系統。一些常見的引導選項包括從特定硬碟機 (HD) 或固態磁碟機 (SSD) 引導、從通用序列匯流排 (USB) 隨身碟引導,甚至使用預先開機執行環境 (PXE) 進行網路引導。 UEFI 啟動功能表通常可讓您選擇這些選項並決定各種裝置啟動順序的優先順序。

我可以使用 UEFI 安裝多個作業系統嗎?

是的,UEFI 支援在同一台電腦上安裝多個作業系統。每個作業系統都可以有自己的開機載入程序,UEFI 開機管理員可讓您選擇在開機過程中載入哪個開機載入程式。這意味著您可以進行雙重開機甚至多重開機設置,每次啟動電腦時都可以在不同的作業系統之間進行選擇。

如何存取 UEFI 設定?

若要存取 UEFI 設置,您通常需要在電腦啟動過程中按特定鍵或組合鍵。常見按鍵包括 Del、F2、F10 或 Esc,但可能因電腦型號而異。您可能需要查閱電腦手冊或在啟動過程中尋找螢幕上的說明,以確定存取 UEFI 設定的正確金鑰。

我可以在 UEFI 設定中做什麼?

UEFI 設定可讓您配置電腦韌體和硬體的各個方面。您可以修改啟動選項、設定啟動順序、啟用或停用安全啟動、調整系統時鐘設定、管理硬體元件,甚至更新 UEFI 韌體本身。 UEFI 設定提供了一個全面的介面來自訂系統的行為並確保與您的硬體和軟體的兼容性。

我可以從基本輸入/輸出系統 (BIOS) 切換到 UEFI 嗎?

從 BIOS 切換到 UEFI 是可能的,但可能是一個複雜的過程,取決於電腦的硬體支援。一些現代系統提供了工具或實用程式來促進過渡,但它通常涉及重新安裝作業系統並將啟動磁碟轉換為 GUID 分割區表 (GPT)。建議查閱電腦的文件或支援資源,以確定切換到 UEFI 是否可行且支援。

我可以使用 UEFI 雙啟動 Windows 和 Linux 嗎?

是的,UEFI 完全支援 Windows 和 Linux 雙重啟動。使用 UEFI,您可以將兩個作業系統安裝在單獨的分割區或磁碟上,並且 UEFI 啟動管理器允許您在啟動期間在它們之間進行選擇。請務必遵循每個作業系統的建議安裝流程,並確保在需要時正確配置安全啟動。

我可以在 UEFI 中停用安全啟動嗎?

是的,在大多數 UEFI 系統中,您可以根據需要停用安全啟動。然而,值得注意的是,安全啟動提供了針對啟動級惡意軟體的額外保護層。停用安全啟動可能會使您的系統面臨潛在的安全風險,因此通常建議保持啟用狀態,除非您有特定原因停用它,例如執行未簽署的作業系統或驅動程式。

UEFI 只在啟動過程中相關嗎?

UEFI 的主要作用是促進啟動過程並提供韌體和作業系統之間的介面。然而,UEFI 也可以在開機階段之外使用。某些作業系統和軟體可以與 UEFI 環境互動以檢索系統資訊、配置設定或執行低階操作。此外,UEFI 韌體更新可能會引入新功能或改進,即使在引導過程完成後也會影響系統行為。

UEFI 僅限於個人電腦嗎?

不,UEFI 不僅限於個人電腦。它廣泛應用於許多計算設備,包括伺服器、工作站、筆記型電腦,甚至平板電腦。 UEFI 提供的優勢(例如支援更大的磁碟、安全啟動和更快的初始化)使其適用於廣泛的運算環境。

UEFI可以在虛擬機器中使用嗎?

是的,UEFI可以在虛擬機器中使用。 VMware 和 VirtualBox 等虛擬化軟體支援虛擬機器的 UEFI 韌體。這使您可以在虛擬化環境中利用 UEFI 特性和功能,就像在實體硬體上一樣。在運行依賴 UEFI 的作業系統時,它可以實現更好的相容性和效能。

UEFI 可以被繞過或被駭客攻擊嗎?

雖然沒有系統能夠完全免受駭客攻擊,但 UEFI 包含旨在防止未經授權的存取和篡改的安全功能。例如,安全啟動可確保在啟動過程中僅執行經過正確簽署和驗證的韌體、開機載入程式和作業系統元件。然而,與任何技術一樣,UEFI 也可能存在可能被利用的漏洞。定期韌體更新和最佳安全實踐有助於降低潛在風險。

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