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什麼是 cmdlet?

cmdlet 是「command-let」的縮寫,是 PowerShell 中的專用指令,PowerShell 是一種主要在 Windows 環境中使用的腳本編寫和自動化語言。 Cmdlet 遵循一致的命名約定,由動詞和名詞組成(例如「Get-Service」),從而明確其目的。它們執行特定任務,例如管理文件、服務或系統設定。 Cmdlet 支援管道操作,允許一個 cmdlet 的輸出作為輸入傳遞給另一個 cmdlet,從而簡化複雜的任務。 PowerShell 提供了廣泛的內建協助以及建立自訂 cmdlet 的能力,使其成為系統管理和自動化的強大工具。

我可以使用 cmdlet 做什麼?

您可以使用 cmdlet 執行系統管理中的各種任務,例如自動執行日常事務、管理系統程序、存取登錄項目和處理資料庫。它們是多功能工具,可以組合成腳本來執行更複雜的任務,也可以單獨使用來執行簡單的一次性命令。

cmdlet 與傳統命令有何不同?

Cmdlet 比傳統命令更專業。它們旨在處理 .NET 對象,而不僅僅是文本,這意味著您可以利用 .NET 框架的全部功能。另外,cmdlet 可以透過管道將一個 cmdlet 的輸出作為另一個的輸入傳遞,從而創建強大的操作鏈。

我可以建立自己的 cmdlet 嗎?

當然,您可以建立自己的 cmdlet,如果您精通編程,特別是 C# 或任何 .NET 語言,則可以編寫自訂 cmdlet 來擴充 PowerShell 的功能。這非常適合根據您的需求自動執行獨特的任務或創建與現有基礎設施整合的工具。

cmdlet 的語法是什麼?

Cmdlet 具有動詞-名詞語法,使其使用起來直觀。例如,「Get-Help」會擷取有關命令的文檔,「Start-Service」將在您的系統上啟動一項服務。這個一致的命名約定使您可以更輕鬆地猜測您可能需要的 cmdlet 的名稱。

我如何知道哪些 cmdlet 可用?

如果您不確定可以使用的 cmdlet,「Get-Command」cmdlet 可以列出會話中可用的所有命令。若要縮小範圍,您也可以使用「Get-Command -CommandType Cmdlet」過濾結果以僅顯示 cmdlet。

cmdlet 參數如何運作?

cmdlet 中的參數是您可以指定來控制其行為的附加選項。將它們視為洗衣機上決定其運作方式的設定。例如,「Get-EventLog -LogName」後面跟著日誌名稱,可讓您精確指定要從哪個日誌檢索事件。

管道 cmdlet 意味著什麼?

管道化 cmdlet 意味著取得一個 cmdlet 的輸出並將其用作另一個 cmdlet 的輸入。這使您能夠以簡化的方式執行複雜的操作。這就像工廠裡的裝配線,一台機器的輸出立即用作下一台機器的輸入。

如何獲得有關 cmdlet 的協助?

如果您需要有關 cmdlet 的協助,「Get-Help」cmdlet 是您的好幫手。只需鍵入“Get-Help”,後面跟著 cmdlet 的名稱,您將獲得有關 cmdlet 的功能、其參數以及如何使用它的範例的詳細資訊。

cmdlet 可以在腳本中使用嗎?

Cmdlet 是 PowerShell 腳本編寫的核心。您可以將它們串在一起、應用邏輯並建立腳本來自動執行任務。這對於您想要透過點擊運行的重複任務非常方便。

PowerShell 中的函數和 cmdlet 有什麼不同?

PowerShell 中的函數是組合在一起作為一個單元的一系列命令,而 cmdlet 是 PowerShell 中的內建命令,編譯為 .dll 檔案。函數是用 PowerShell 腳本編寫的,而 cmdlet 通常是用 .NET 語言編寫的並編譯成二進位檔案。

如何將參數傳遞給 cmdlet?

您可以透過指定 cmdlet 的參數和值來將參數傳遞給 cmdlet。例如,如果您使用“Get-Content”,則可以使用“Get-Content -Path "C:\MyFile.txt"”指定檔案的路徑。參數透過明確的指令準確地告訴 cmdlet 您希望它做什麼。

PowerShell 是否有一個 cmdlet 運作方式不同的版本?

是的,PowerShell 版本可能會影響 cmdlet 行為。較新的版本可能會引入新的 cmdlet 或為現有的 cmdlet 新增功能。最好使用 $PSVersionTable.PSVersion 檢查您使用的版本,並使用「Get-Help」cmdlet 來了解您的版本上 cmdlet 行為的具體資訊。

cmdlet 對於管理網路設定有用嗎?

Cmdlet 對於管理網路設定非常有用。您可以使用 cmdlet 設定 Internet 協定 (IP) 位址、網路介面卡、網域名稱系統 (DNS) 設定等。對於與網路相關的任務,您可能經常使用「Get-NetIPAddress」或「Set-NetIPAddress」等 cmdlet。

如何過濾 cmdlet 的結果?

您可以使用「Where-Object」cmdlet 或使用特定於您正在使用的 cmdlet 的參數來篩選結果。例如,「取得進程| Where-Object {$_.中央處理單元(CPU) -gt 10}'將列出消耗超過10個CPU時間單位的進程。

cmdlet 可以與外部程式互動嗎?

Cmdlet 可以透過呼叫執行檔或使用專為此類互動設計的 cmdlet(例如「Invoke-Command」)與外部程式互動。這使您可以將 PowerShell 的功能擴展到幾乎任何可以從命令列控制的程式。

在腳本中組合 cmdlet 的最佳方法是什麼?

在腳本中組合 cmdlet 的最佳方法是使用管道和控制結構。管道將 cmdlet 連結在一起,而 if-else 語句和循環等控制結構可讓您建立更複雜的邏輯。在組合每個 cmdlet 之前,請務必單獨測試它們,以確保它們按預期工作。

新 cmdlet 加入 PowerShell 的頻率如何?

隨著新版本和更新的出現,新的 cmdlet 新增到了 PowerShell 中。每當 Microsoft 更新 PowerShell 或發布新版本的 Windows 或支援 PowerShell 的其他軟體時,它們通常會包含其他 cmdlet 來管理新功能。

如何將 cmdlet 的輸出儲存到檔案中?

您可以使用“Out-File”cmdlet 或重定向運算子將輸出儲存到檔案。例如,「Get-Process >processes.txt」會將輸出寫入「processes.txt」。或者,「獲取進程| Out-File processs.txt' 使用 cmdlet 執行相同的操作。

我可以組合來自不同模組的 cmdlet 嗎?

是的,如果不同模組中的 cmdlet 已安裝並匯入您的 PowerShell 工作階段中,您可以組合這些 cmdlet。模組是 cmdlet 的包,混合它們可以讓您利用廣泛的功能。

是否可以使用 cmdlet 來安排任務?

是的,您可以使用 cmdlet 排程任務,方法是使用「Register-ScheduledJob」cmdlet 建立排程作業,該作業可讓您指定要執行的腳本或命令以及應執行的計劃。

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